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    23 november

    实在不得不谈一谈乖。

     

    今天早晨搭乘taxi,司机师傅碰巧带自己的小孩去附近学校。看到我招手叫停,那个小孩立即懂事利落地要从车里下来。直到我说“真的没关系的,顺路是一样的”,他才很害羞地回来,还向我小鞠了一躬。

     

    虽然各系有自己的研究生办公室,但整个文学院4月还新开了一个为下属各个系所的研究生准备的自习室,学习环境远比本科生的室外环境好很多,但可容纳四十几人自习的两间相连的自习室,似乎一直也没有什么人光顾,室外没有门锁,也不需要门卡,只是口头禁止本科生进入,所以我猜想本科生混进来也是很容易的,因为谁都不认识谁啊。让我略感奇怪的,这个自习室开放几个月来,几乎很少有本科生混进来学习。每次到这件自习室,途经走廊上学习的一些本科生,近在咫尺,但他们却从来不肯逾越界限,每每都让我忍不住想,哇,他们还真乖啊

     

    最近期末考试,很多学生都在校园里学习,而桌椅又有限,所以的确发现有几个本科生进来学习。但我感觉真的无妨,现在是期末的特殊时期,那么多空桌椅,反正空调开着,人多还可以充分利用一下。只是… …今天进来两位负责行政的老师,提高音量地问我们,“对不起打扰一下,请问是不是有本科生在这里学习”,他们还很严厉地重申了学校规定,非常气愤的样子。最后,在10个左右的人中,有三个印度学生承认自己是本科生,然后立即收拾东西走了。这两位老师还说,将要安装门卡,鼓励我们举报,而且张贴警告等等,禁止本科生进入,保证研究生有好的学习环境。

     

    关于规矩,他们还真是严格啊!虽然所管理的人群,已经很乖了啊 ~~

    22 november

    presentation

    11/20日是高兴的日子,不仅因为顺利结束本学期最后一次Presentation,还因为自己对一个十几分钟的presentation的准备时间,已经由一年多前的差不多一周时间、外加每天早晨一睁眼就神经兮兮地来一次rehearsal,缩短到现在的大半天了。

     

    其实这次还有一点不同,昨晚还是很紧张的,因为连ppt都还没有做,虽然当时没有心情做,但睡觉都感到很不踏实。今天一早起床开始做ppt,直到presentation开始前10分钟,才终于完成。这样仓促的准备,使得我在上场时还是有点紧张的,但讲了几句后就恢复了。

     

    更令人高兴的是,在presentation即将来临前,不再手脚冰凉了,  呵呵 ~~ 以前是需要死记硬背的,稍有空档,或者思考,都会徒生紧张,所以一定要背得很熟才敢上场,一年前神经兮兮地背诵演说词的一个主要原因,还在于总觉得不能给中国人丢脸  (爱国女青年吧,嘿嘿)。现在即使卡壳儿或者思考,都可以感觉很自然了,所以也就会很容易地连贯下去。

     

    去美术馆作讲解,也是提前一天去画廊转一圈,然后回来查阅相关资料做一些功课,第二天就可以煞有介事地讲解了。那些画是有生命的,看似无序的每一个线条和油墨后面,都有画家的独具匠心。那时候的讲解,没有紧张,只有感动、欣赏和热爱... ...

     

    希望可以保持下去。虽然从小到大一直很顺利,可我始终,是一个安静地站在旁边的看似骄傲实则害羞的人。所以虽然这样的进展没什么大不了的,但对于我自己而言,是由衷感到高兴的!

    17 november

    天才画家Affandi

    最近很忙碌,日程表上似乎都没有好好呼吸的时间,所以一直在鼓励自己,要加油,度过了这段时间就好了。这里的生活常常让我觉得被动和无奈,忙碌之后似乎也并不觉得有什么收获,也许,以后会慢慢发现收获吧。
     
    昨晚印度艺术展的开幕式,似乎是对我前一段时间的忙碌的一个奖励,虽然还是不习惯充满香料,却搞不清到底是什么的印度食物,甚至饮料都感到难以下咽啊。
     
    这是最近在美术馆作讲解员的解说词。
     
    天才画家Affandi
     
    Affandi是印尼现代艺术家。2007年是affandi诞辰100周年。他对印尼以及东南亚现代艺术的发展做出了杰出贡献。1953年,他被《时代》杂志称誉为“一名天才的画家”。他本人则这样评价自己的一生,他说:“我是这个世界上最幸运的人,因为当我画画的时候,我是全然喜悦的,我的世界里只有上帝、所画之物和我自己。”
     
    他是一名多产的画家,但许多作品并没有在新加坡展出过。
     
    这面墙和电视短片介绍了affandi的生平。他的生平大事记主要包括1907年他出生在印尼爪哇岛西部的Jatitujuh1933年与maryati结婚。1943年,affandi首次个人画展,这也是印尼画家首次举办个人画展,引起了热烈的反响,他也被誉为是表现派绘画的杰出代表。1945年,印尼革命爆发,affandi是活跃分子,积极地制作宣传海报。1945-1951年间,他携妻子、女儿在印度政府的资助下,游历印度各省并学习绘画。1951-1954年间,在欧洲各城市举办画展,包括伦敦、布鲁塞尔,巴黎、罗马。1957年,他受到美国政府的资助,赴俄亥俄州立大学学习艺术教育方法,期间也在美国旧金山、纽约等地开办画展。1964年,他在威尼斯双年展中获奖。1965年建立了以他的名字命名的affandi博物馆。1969年获得印尼教育部的嘉奖,获选雅加达艺术学院终生荣誉会员。1974年获得新加坡大学荣誉博士学位。1990年,他的健康状况恶化,5月逝世。 
     
    表现派画家
    印尼大吉岭地区的山脉 Mountain in Darjeeling
    这幅作品所使用的是挤压式绘画技法。Affandi比较青睐挤压式的绘画技法,当他发现传统的绘画技法花费了太多的时间,使得绘画的速度落后于情感变化的速度的时候,他认为挤压式的绘画技法是一个解决方案。不仅如此,他还觉得这种绘画技法与使用毛刷所产生的效果是不同的,而且,还缩短了手与帆布画板之间的距离,可以更加及时地传递内心的情感波动。
     
    太阳塔
    这是他63岁时的作品,与其他作品不同的是:这幅作品代表了affandi脱离主流风格的一个转变。因为自从1970年以后,他开始使用直线条,他不再需要填满整个帆布画板,因此,自从上个世纪七十年代之后,affandi的油画渗透了很多“空旷的”空间。这样的空旷是有意而为之的,据说这是与日本美学结合的产物。
     
    Affandi在美国
    搭建油画与人格之间的桥梁
    Affandi奔赴美国,一方面是为了满足他开阔眼界的需求,另一方面可能也是由于在争取独立的斗争结束后,他认为自己的生命被政治因素所分裂。赢得独立后,affandi似乎决定要避免政治极端分子,在艺术上,他也在另辟蹊径。这一时期的作品,叙述了旅美期间的经历和遭遇。
     
    纽约华尔街
    美国只是他留下艺术作品和足迹的众多国家之一。
     
    威尼斯圣马可大教堂
     
    Affandi笔下的裸体和性爱
    主张和苦难
    Affandi笔下的人物形象大多是大街上见到的生活凄惨、无权无势、被践踏的生活在黑暗角落的人,比如乞丐、街头艺人、清扫大街的人和妓女。Affandi通过直接在画作中表现这些人物,来表达他天然的同情和怜悯。
    而此前印尼评论家Sumardjo则认为affandi的画作受到日本春宫图的影响,而Affandi的性爱画作与日本传统的画作不同。
    Affandi笔下的裸体模特包括他的妻子,Maryati,诗人Anwar的女朋友、菜市场的女性小贩、雅加达、巴厘岛、巴黎、伦敦、泰国曼谷等不同地区的妓女。
    他的诗人朋友anwar称赞他是“一个热情和感情饱满、成熟、经历丰富、并且能够以令人震惊的方式传递出自己感情的人,他的作品非常感人。”
     
    重新审视affandi的绘画风格
    这两幅画可能让我们重新审视affandi的绘画风格
    普遍认为,他是一名表现派画家,但他却声称自己是一个“自然主义者”,他曾经说:“我实际上自始至终都是自然主义者,我喜欢所有天然的事物。”这样的言论十分令人费解。在一次访谈中,他是这样解释的,他说,“当我画画的时候,我总是想要成为我所画的物品。我丢失了我自己,于是产生了一种感觉,似乎我要反抗什么。”
     
    也就是说,affandi的表现主义是受到自然力所驱动的。他画作中的表现主义因素,源自他自己要成为某种自然力量的希求。
     
    Borobudur中文是婆罗浮屠,是印尼爪哇岛中部的佛教神庙
    一辆火车经过糖料作物田地
     
    Affandi在印尼/巴厘岛
    之后我们看到的这一系列作品是affandi笔下的印尼巴厘岛,反映了他与巴厘岛的关系,也体现了他的审美,这也是他从一个内向、受现实主义驱动的画家,向融入表现派的人类和宇宙等因素的拓展。而在他之后的画家,很少有能摆脱东方主义的模糊意识。
     
    抱着一只小猪的巴厘岛女孩
    印尼木偶剧院
    面具
    Kusamba海滩上的船
    斗鸡
    家神舞者
    三种表情
    15 november

    Age of Turbulence

    I tried to borrow Alan Greenspan's memoir or biography, Age Of Turbulence, from the library, but found that there are already 8 holds, if one requester takes one month, then the earliest time for me to take the book could be next July. BUT... I like this gentleman so much... probably the best way for me is to get a cheaper one from some street vendor in BJ Embarrassed
    13 november

    用药够狠

    一直都听说新加坡的医药费很贵,所以也天然地认为这里的医疗质量很高。我自己的经验呢,对医药费用高有了一点体会,但对医疗质量是不是相应地提高了,还是有保留的。
     
    一次拉肚子,排队等待三个多小时,以花费大约90新币(差不多470元人民币吧)、得到一些治疗拉肚子的药结束。这是对费用昂贵的一点体验。
     
    这次右胸腔的肌肉因运动拉伤,被告知服用去痛片。这样的诊断没有什么错误,我只是隐约感觉这样的用药简单直接了点,因为去痛片对人体的伤害很大,杀死白细胞,所以一直都是尽量避免的药物。而我的情况,要是在中国,可能就被告知休息两天就好了,“吃药不如吃饭”这是常听到的,所以从小到大,包括感冒,都很少吃药的。
     
    我的猜测很快在另一个朋友那里得到证实。她母亲生病,以前在中国的医院医治,后来探亲期间来新加坡,也发现了规范机械化作业的“狠”。医生对治疗时间有严格的控制,每一个阶段如何治疗,发生什么情况如何应对等等,严格的时间和操作流程控制,一旦到了规定的时间,或者一旦出现意料之外的情况,就采用比较狠的用药来控制局势,药物只是有目的地针对需要治疗的部位,不太考虑药物对其他身体部位的影响。
     
    几个月前看到新加坡吸引海外医生的新闻,查询了相关的要求,有打算让我老爸来新加坡看我之际,顺便工作半年。我的老爸非常敬业专注,所以也总是以工作忙为由拖延来新加坡的时间,一拖再拖,妈妈也因此来不了,所以我才有此打算。可他对我的提议还是兴趣不大,当时我以为是英语的问题,但现在回忆起来,记得当时他说的是:“新加坡太小,病例太少,没什么意思。”
     
    也许,病例少而导致的简单规范化作业是必然的结果吧。可对于病人,似乎还是少了一点人文关怀的。
    08 november

    PGPR

     
    单身的研究生们可以申请校内PGPR住处了!Open-mouthed  
     
    以前只允许本科生和结过婚的研究生们申请,郁闷!虽然已经快毕业了,不过一样觉得是好消息。
     
    校外的住宅也没什么不好,因为这里的租房市场还是挺规范的,只是,我所住过和看过的那些校外住宅都不隔音,汽车声小贩声不绝于耳,一直让我觉得很不适应。最初来的时候,发现怎么这里人说话都大呼小叫的,后来发现,原来是因为环境太嘈杂,大家只有大声一点说话。
     
    新搬去的住处噪音很大,临近高速公路,最初几天被声音吵得睡不好觉,对于我这样每天需要8-10个小时睡眠的人来说,这样的居住环境还是挺灾难的,只好在公共汽车上和学校的沙发上补觉。大约两周以前,困倦的我在YIH的留言板上奋笔疾书“More in-campus housing for International single postgraduate students, please!” 不知是不是这个留言得到了什么响应或者反馈,Embarrassed至少,终于有申请入住的资格了。那些像我一样为住处困扰的人,看看链接吧,希望我们都得到批准 Smile
     
     
     

    Daily bread

    A large-hearted person shows his affection with his words and actions -- freely and generously  (by Anne Cetas)
    They do not truly love who do not show their love   (by Shakespeare)
     
    Pls bear with my poor translation ~~
    一个心胸宽广的人会通过他的言语和行动自由慷慨地表达他的感情 (Anne Cetas)
    他/她们不会真心喜爱那些不表达爱的人 (莎士比亚)
    07 november

    虚拟世界中的真实 -- 陈天桥的答案(转载)

    看到03年的一次访谈,当时杨澜问:“天桥,你看互联网上男人可以装作女人,穷人可以变富人,网络社会中到底什么是真实的?”陈天桥回答说是人性。他说,在网络生活中最真实的是人性。在现实社会中,人性往往被许多东西所遮蔽,但在游戏中,人性却是最真实的,因为参与游戏的人是真心的。人的好胜心、虚荣心、同情心,在游戏中都能够体现出来。所以游戏的核心需求、核心诉求就是人性。任何遵循人性的游戏或者艺术形式都能够得到人们的喜爱,而游戏恰恰是能体现人性的,也恰恰因为体现了人性,存乎一心,所以才千变万化。
    02 november

    中国的Me时代 (转载)

    这篇文章所描述的,让我回想起北京的生活。应该是许多朋友再日常不过的生活吧。只是,他还是死脑筋地强拉硬扯了“Western-centric approach”的民主,还是一样地,套用西方的体系试图去解释中国的现象,然后碰壁。他还是没有看到表面崇尚个人主义的背后所隐藏的aspiration for collective work. 所以应该也无法解释为何短信、集体作战的MMORPG游戏在中国大行其道 (相比较而言,美国人喜欢在游戏中单兵作战,注重个人的成就和发展);他还没有看到的是,在追逐时尚和享乐的同时,没有“守财奴”心态、参与公益活动和做义工也比以往任何时候都流行。
     
    至于民主,在充满变化的转型社会里一切都让人眼花缭乱的今天,显得很遥远,但那,是一个顺其自然和水到渠成的过程吧,也许通往这个意识的道路还长,也许最终通向的不是这样的意识,但没有定势的社会,不是刻板的机器,因而也充满了弹性、活力和创造力。
     
    更进一步,民主了又怎样呢?这些年认识的民主社会的人应该不下百人了吧,印度的民主,带来的是无序和混乱,据说任何一个简单的提案都会在议会中长年累月地争吵不休;民主没有消除腐败,反而助长了腐败,印度的权力机关腐败,即使在大城市的主要街道上,都有人随意搭建帐篷和杂货摊,没有人在乘公共汽车时买票;民主也没有让人更具智识,印度人对中国的印象,仍停留在几十年前的中印边界冲突,以至于一年多以后,我的印度同学才放下警戒地对我说:“You and Yun are such nice girls... ... but I had a very bad image for the Chinese before I came here, you know... ...It's all because of the conflict over boundary between India and China" 哇,那是上个世纪六十年代的事情,她都还没有出生呢!台湾社会不也一样打来打去嘛,那些精英政客们... ... 把鸡毛蒜皮的事情添油加醋地夸大,然后喋喋不休... ...当然这也的确锻炼了口才和诡辩之才。
     
    是啊,大多数人对在中国生活的自由度是满意的,更重要的,根本没感觉现在的民主状况和日常生活有什么不协调。只要做好我自己就行了,除了丰富自己的生活和心灵,一些有趣的朋友去享受美食美景以外,作义工很好、参与公益活动很好 ... ... 但拜托千万别无聊地把我拉到那些鸡毛蒜皮的闲扯之中吧,嘿嘿 ~~
     
     
    --------------------------------------------------------
     
    原作者: SIMON ELEGANT    译者: deadflyfi...  (Blog)   
    源自:Time  By:SIMON ELEGANT / BEIJING July 2007

    (23岁的中国女孩刘芸,是一位演员。她属于中国Me世代的一员,享受着经济的繁荣,崇尚个人主义,对民主政治毫不关心)
     
    周五晚Maria和五六个朋友外出聚餐,桌子上摆着丰盛的海鲜,大家热烈的交谈着。Maria戴着一对大耳环,穿着紧身的天鹅绒夹克,全身上下都经过精心的打扮,边吃边和朋友聊着泰国东海岸的一个小岛。那有很棒的潜水,Maria说,还有很多中国人所以根本不用担心语言问题。她的朋友Vicky(小精子)正用一台借来的笔记本从手机上下载电子邮件。Vicky是一家咨询公司的风险咨询师,她有一个项目必须在今晚完成。当她给同事打电话时,餐桌上的话题内容从滑雪(“我至少已经摔了一百次多了”)到IPOD的优缺点,然后又到中国的信用卡。Slience Chen是广告业巨头奥美在北京的业务经理,他说他最近收到六张不同的信用卡,“每张卡都有一万的透支额度,这样我突然就多了六万块钱”。随后话题又转到中国的在线购物,还没聊完,菜已经上来了,有蛏干、红烧鱿鱼和油炸鲶科鱼。
     
    但是有一个话题从来没被提及过,当这个紧密的朋友圈聚在一起时几乎从来不可能聊起的话题——政治。这是他们和中国的上一代精英们完全不同的地方,他们的长辈生活的半个世纪是一个运动曾出不穷的时代:文化大革命、改革开放、天安门学生抗议活动以及其后的镇压。在Gang ji餐馆的聊天说明今天中国的年轻人已经远离那一切了。Chen说“关于政治,我们无能为力,所以没有什么可聊的,也没必要卷入其中”。
     
    中国大概有3亿30岁以下的成年人,他们是承上启下的一代,像一座桥,是封闭、恐惧外国人的毛泽东时代和逐渐成为全球经济引擎时代的纽带。年轻的中国人是这个国家繁荣的驱动者和受益者:瑞士信贷第一波士顿最近的一份调查显示,在过去三年间20至29岁人群的收入提高了34%,远远超过任一年龄段人群的收入增长。他们远离政治、崇尚利己主义和实用主义,只要中国共产党能保持经济的持续增长,他们就不会关心政治。调查今天中国城市里的年轻人,你会发现他们喝着星巴克、穿着NIKE,漫不经心的写着博客,而对选举权和这个国家的执政者漠不关心。时尚生活杂志的发行人洪晃说:“在他们的心里,一台任天堂比民主更重要”。
     
    随着中国Me世代的崛起,也影响了其他国家对中国的外交政策。西方的汉学家很早之前曾预言,经济的发展最终会把民主带到中国。James Mann在他的新书《梦幻中国》(The China Fantasy)中写道:随着中产阶级的持续增长,中国会蜕变成一个美国式的民主制国家。但是中国的Me世代却彻底粉碎了这个设想。作为中国经济成功的主要受益者,年轻一代更希望维持现状。
     
    所有这一切都意味着,在短期内中国不可能出现民主。中国共产党的确犯了很多的错误,而且也没能提高穷人的生活水平,所以如果西方领导人希望取得中国的好感,那么他们就不得不原谅这一切,否则,就有可能会被认为是挑衅者。一些中国观察家认为:Me世代之所以不愿改革,是因为怕失去目前经济繁荣发展的大好局面。“他们为中国所取得的成就感到骄傲,对政府也很满意” P.T. Black说道,他目前正在替一家叫Jigsaw国际的上海公司做销售调研。随着好时光继续前进,中国新一代的精英们在政治上的漠视自会显示出其意义。问题是当如今的领导阶层退出了历史舞台的时候,在中国和Me世代身上会发生些什么呢?
     
    对任何一个访问过中国的人来说,很难把毛泽东时代的中国和现在的中国看成是同一个国家。我第一次访问中国是在1981年,我和两个同伴去了上海的人民公园。陪同我们的外交部人员招待我们从一个专门留给“外国朋友”的特殊通道进去,而同时有一大堆中国人在门外挤作一团。当我们进去的时候,一些人对外国人优先的待遇表示不满。其中我一个会说普通话的同伴,口若悬河的同他们说了一大堆话。立马一群年轻的中国男女就跑上前来把我们围住,用充满渴望的眼神望着我们问了一堆天真的问题:美国还有奴隶吗?你从哪学会说中国话的?所有的美国家庭都有三辆汽车,这是真的吗?你能不能帮助我去美国?
     
    那些谈话发生在25年前,发生在中国的上一代人身上。那些天真、机警的中国人是我在北京海鲜餐桌上碰到的年轻人的父母,但是这两代人的打扮、观念、生活经历、教育程度和对未来的梦想完全不一样。
     
    最引人注目的变化发生在人口统计学上。中国自1978年开始提倡计划生育政策,所以这一代成年人大都是独生子女。纵观全人类的历史,这种现象还是第一次出现。这一代人成长在一个鼓励消费,因特网和电脑游戏流行的环境下,同时,今天中国的年轻人比他们的上一代受到了更好的教育,也更有全球化的意识。在文化大革命中成长的那代人被称为迷惘的一代,他们想进大学常常需要付出很大的代价,而今天,有四分之一的年轻人能考上大学。改革开放让更多的中国人有了机会去了解世界:在2007年大约有3700万的中国人出国旅游。在未来十年里,中国出国旅游的人数会比美国和欧洲出国旅游的总人数还要多。如今,出国旅游变的越来越容易,可是,这除了释放了Me世代心中的躁动之外,越来越多的迹象表明全球化并没有促使他们发生任何根本的改变。
     
    这一代人对政治不感兴趣的另一个原因是:疲了。Me世代这一辈人从他们的父辈那了解到曾经发生过的一些事情:大跃进以及后来的文化大革命,他们所听到的那些恐怖的故事让每一个人都对政治避之不及。随着毛泽东在1976年的逝世,所有这些运动才算正式结束,对今天的年轻人来说,那已经是一段遥远的历史了。除了和平和仍繁荣发展的经济之外,他们对过去所知甚少。Maria,27岁,她说:“和父辈们相比,我们更渴望能拥有一切,我们能吃、能品尝和能看到的都比他们要多,然而我们还希望拥有更多”。
     
    有一件事Me世代有必要记住:1989天安门事件。但是对像Maria和Vicky这样的年轻一代来说,天安门事件已经不那么震慑人心了。毕竟,天安门事件发生时Vicky只有11岁,对发生的一切只有模棱两可的印象。像天安门事件这种运动是否有必要继续?Vicky认为,那样只会起反作用从而使中国回到从前的封闭、落后:这样的话就再也买不到iPod,也不能去海外旅游购物或者在周末去滑雪了。
     
    Vicky所说的揭示出了两代人生活重心的变化。Vicky是一位29岁的风险咨询师,做事目标明确,很有决心。她几乎不怎么笑,最喜欢的事就是参加聚会。她和她的朋友们经常一起吃饭和泡吧,这样的聚会非常频繁以致于她说自己从来不在家吃饭。他们还经常组织一些主题聚会以庆祝像万圣节和圣诞节这样的节日,去年还有一次在埃及的度假,这些活动的图片都能在她的博客上看到。
     
    Vicky的新男友Wang Ning是一个滑雪爱好者,受到他的鼓励,Vicky在今年年初也开始参与这项运动。为了做好充分的准备,Vicky去了北京南面一个专卖高档进口滑雪器具的商场。她挑了一套全新的科罗拉多州Never Summer公司的雪橇,同时还买了手套、护目镜和其他的随身用品,一共花了700美元。当我问她花这么一笔钱在一项她可能永远都不会喜欢的运动上是否值得,她说:“我认为在你决定开始一项新的爱好之前你必须在各方面做好充分的准备,而且,就算我不喜欢滑雪,这套雪橇摆在家里也很好看啊,客人又不知道我用没用”。说完她冲我笑了一下以示她在开玩笑。但是当她坐在星巴克解释为什么她对政治不感兴趣时,她看起一脸严肃“因为生活如此美好,当提到餐馆服务员的服务质量和我买的产品的好坏时我关心自己的权利,可是一涉及到民主和相关的那些话题,就……。”她耸耸肩撇了下嘴,“那些东西对我的生活来说无足轻重”。
     
    Vicky和她的朋友们代表了一群数量庞大充满购买欲望的中国年轻消费者。如今,全国上下,年轻的白领们在博客上嬉笑怒骂,记录自己的生活和心情,和去旅行,以平衡工作与生活。(“工作努力,玩的更努力”,这句话Vicky说过好几遍)如果他们暂时还买不起700美元的滑雪装备,他们会希望能很快的实现这个目标。
     
    因此对中国的领导人来说,安抚好Me世代将是共产党能否维持下去的关键。到2015年,中国30岁以下的成年人预计将增加到61%,达五亿之多,和整个欧盟的人口相等。所以不管处理什么事情,为了让中产阶级满意政府愿意做任何他能做的。例如,北京现在平均每天新增加汽车1000辆。在过去五年里,北京公路上的汽车数量多了一倍,已经有三百万辆了。(相比之下,整个纽约市大约才两百万登记的车辆。)尽管严重的污染问题可能会给明年夏天举行的奥运会制造一些麻烦(北京是全世界空气质量最差的城市之一),中央政府并没有通过出台规定或增加税收来限制汽车的增加。这样的话,面对气候的变化政府要想提高北京的环境质量就必须付出更多的努力。
     
    这只是政府长期以来讨好Me世代的其中一个例子。今年二月作为官方话筒的人民日报发表了一篇文章,其中温家宝强调在100年的时间内,经济增长和民主改革,要优先发展前者。可是共产党现在遇到的麻烦事越来越多。从温家宝这样的高层干部到基层干部都清楚的知道各省的骚乱在不断增加,像农民与警察在征收土地时的冲突以及官员贪污腐败等问题,都会对共产党的政权产生威胁。
     
    因此,中国的执政者面临着一个进退两难的局面:因为迎合城市中产阶级的政策势必会损害农民的利益。到目前为止政府的选择是站在富人这一边。三月份政府承诺将解决那些长期困扰农民的问题,譬如医疗待遇、教育收费、健康保险以及城市与农村居民的收入差距。目前已经有一部分预算用来解决一些与农民息息相关的问题,但是和用在经济发展上的投入相比,这些钱仍然很少。
     
    更加有说服力的事情是:物权法修订,这部法律被社会各界认为是立法中最重要的法律之一,在几十年的改革开放后终于被提出来了。尽管受到保守派的反对,这部法律最后还是通过了。这部法律第一次把国家财产所有权和私人财产所有权放在同等的地位来看待。但是扫一眼这部法律就会发现他保护的是中产阶级:房地产、汽车、股票资产。另一方面,农民仍然不能购买土地,而不得不从政府那租借。
     
    如果情形得不到改变,这样的政策可能会激化中国的富人与穷人之间的矛盾,并促使产生社会暴乱。随着Me世代的成长,他们将变的更富有和有能力,这对中国来说是一个考验,他们是否会首先推动社会和政治改革以确保中国的长期繁荣和稳定。尽管他们没有明确要求自由选举,但是当他们的利益受到侵害的时候,他们显示出一种积极勇敢反抗当权者的态度。去年十月份,北京公安局试图强制执行限养宠物条例,规定每户只能养一只宠物,该宠物必须上户且身高不得超过35厘米。此事激起一场少见的示威活动,参与示威的是中国的富人们,其中大部分都是年轻的狗主人。一个月之内,据香港的南华早报报导,胡锦涛主席命令北京政府撤销该条例。中国的最高领导人因为公众抗议亲自介入此事,在大部分北京人印象中这还是第一次。
     
    这是公民自由表达自己的一次小小的胜利。如果西方国家希望中国的民主能发展的繁荣,就必须鼓励类似的适度行为,而不是期望来一个彻底的大转变。Gang Ji餐馆,碟子已经被收走了,桌子上摆放着新鲜的水果和茶,大家都安静下来,沉思着什么。Maria在北京一家高档俱乐部做行政经理,她说:“和父母相比我们是幸运的,他们什么也没有,我就是他们生活的全部”。Wang Ning,滑雪爱好者,开了家广告公司,运作的很成功。他同意Maria所说的,他还说:“我们这代人更自我,我们为自己而活着,这样很好。我们需要力量,这样才能为经济做出自己的贡献,这是我们的能力所在,这就是我们这代人帮助国家发展的方式”。
    中国的未来到底会怎样呢?这取决于他们是否能认识到民主也能帮助中国的发展。
    ---------------------------------------
    China's Me Generation

    By Simon Elegant
    July 2007
     
    Six friends out on a Friday evening, the seafood plentiful, the conversation flowing. Maria Zhang--big hoop earrings, tight velvet jacket and a good deal of meticulously applied makeup--starts to describe an island that everyone is talking about off the east coast of Thailand. It has great diving, she says, and lots of Chinese, so you don't have to worry about language. Her friend Vicky Yang is hunched over a borrowed laptop, downloading an e-mail from a pesky client on her cell phone. An actuary at a consulting firm, Vicky needs to close a project tonight. While she phones a colleague, the dinner-table conversation moves on to snowboarding ("I must have fallen a hundred times"), the relative merits of various iPods ("Shuffle is no good") and the sudden onrush of credit cards in China. Silence Chen, an account executive with advertising heavyweight Ogilvy & Mather in Beijing, tells the group he recently received six different cards in the mail. "Each one has a credit limit of 10,000," he says, laughing. "So suddenly I'm 60,000 yuan richer!" The talk turns to China's online-shopping business before it is interrupted by the arrival of razor clams, chili squid and deep-fried grouper.
     
    The one subject that doesn't come up--and almost never does when this tight-knit group of friends gets together--is politics. That sets them apart from previous generations of Chinese élites, whose lives were defined by the epic events that shaped China's past half-century: the Cultural Revolution, the opening to the West, the student protests in Tiananmen Square and their subsequent suppression. The conversation at Gang Ji Restaurant suggests today's twentysomethings are tuning all that out. "There's nothing we can do about politics," says Chen. "So there's no point in talking about it or getting involved."
     
    There are roughly 200 million adults in China under age 30, a demographic cohort that serves as a bridge between the closed, xenophobic China of the Mao years and the globalized economic powerhouse that its becoming. China's twentysomethings are the drivers and chief beneficiaries of the country's current boom: according to a recent survey by Credit Suisse First Boston, the incomes of 20-to29-year-olds grew 34% in the past three years, by far the biggest increase of any age group. And because of their self-interested, apolitical pragmatism, they could turn out to be the salvation of the ruling Communist Party--so long as it keeps delivering the economic goods. Survey young, urban Chinese today, and you will find them drinking Starbucks, wearing Nikes and blogging obsessively. But you will detect little interest in demanding voting rights, let alone overthrowing the country's Communist rulers. "On their wish list," says Hong Huang, a publisher of several lifestyle magazines, "a Nintendo Wii comes way ahead of democracy."
    The rise of China's Me generation has implications for U.S. foreign policy. Sinologists in the West have long predicted that economic growth would eventually bring democracy to China. As James Mann points out in his new book, The China Fantasy, the idea that China will evolve into a democracy as its middle class grows continues to underlie the U.S.'s China policy, providing the central rationale for maintaining close ties with what is, after all, an unapologetically authoritarian, regularly brutal regime. But China's Me generation could shatter such long-held assumptions. As the chief beneficiaries of China's economic success, young professionals have more and more tied up in preserving the status quo. The last thing they want is a populist politician winning over the country's hundreds of millions of have-nots on a rural-reform, stick-it-to-the-cities agenda.
     
    All of which means democracy isn't likely to come to China anytime soon. And that poses challenges for Western policymakers as they try to engage China without condoning the Communist Party's record of political repression and its failure to improve the lives of the country's rural poor. China watchers say the Me generation's reluctance to agitate for reform is driven in part by an unwillingness to tarnish China's moment in the sun. "They are proud of what China has accomplished and very positive about the government," says P.T. Black, who conducts extensive marketing research for a Shanghai-based company called Jigsaw International. The political passivity of China's new élite makes sense while the good times roll. The question is what will happen to the Me generation--and to China--when they end.
     
    For anyone who visited the workers' paradise when it was still the land of Mao suits and communes, trying to reconcile that China to the one that young élites live in today is disorienting. When I first visited China in 1981, I went to the People's Park in Shanghai with two traveling companions. Our obligatory Foreign Ministry "guide" ushered us through a special gate reserved for "foreign friends." A knot of young Chinese had gathered outside. As we passed, a few made loud comments about the unfairness of having parts of the People's Park reserved for foreigners. One of my companions, a Mandarin speaker, agreed volubly in Chinese. Immediately a group of young Chinese men and women surrounded us and peppered us with questions that mixed naiveté and aspiration: Are there still slaves in America? Where did you learn to speak Chinese? Do all American families really have three cars? Can you help me go to America?
     
    That discussion took place a quarter-century ago, the span usually allotted to a single generation. The naive, wary Chinese I met that day could be the parents of the group gathered for the seafood feast in Beijing. But there is almost nothing about the appearance, attitudes, life experience, education or dreams for the future that those young people in the Shanghai People's Park share with the likes of Vicky and her friends.
     
    The most obvious change is demographic. Because of China's one-child policy, instituted in 1978, this is the first generation in the world's history in which a majority are single children, a group whose solipsistic tendencies have been further encouraged by a growing obsession with consumerism, the Internet and video games. At the same time, today's twentysomethings are better educated and more worldly than their predecessors. Whereas the so-called Lost Generation that grew up in the Cultural Revolution often struggled to finish high school, today about a quarter of Chinese in their 20s have attended college. The country's opening to the West has allowed many more young Chinese to satisfy their curiosity about the world: some 37 million will travel overseas in 2007. In the next decade, there will be more Chinese tourists traveling the globe than the combined total of those originating in the U.S. and Europe. Rather than fueling restlessness among the Me generation, however, the ease of travel seems to provide more evidence that the benefits of globalization can be had without radical change.
     
    There's another reason for the lack of political ferment: it's exhausting. Like anyone else, members of the Me generation are shaped by their experiences and those of their families. When their parents talk about the Great Leap Forward (a disastrous Mao campaign in the late 1950s that left 20 million to 30 million dead of starvation) and the subsequent chaos of the Cultural Revolution, they mostly tell horror stories that would put anyone off politics forever. That chapter in Chinese history, which officially ended with Mao's death in 1976, is ancient history to today's twentysomethings. They have known little but peace and an ever increasing economic boom. "We have so much bigger a desire for everything than [our parents]," says Maria, 27. "And the more we eat, the more we taste and see, the more we want."
     
    One event that the Me generation does remember is the crackdown on student activists in Tiananmen Square in 1989. But to young Chinese like Maria and Vicky, the Tiananmen protests are less a source of inspiration than an admonishment. Were popular uprisings like Tiananmen allowed to continue, Vicky believes, they would have provoked a counterreaction by conservative forces and led to a return to fortress China: no more iPods, overseas shopping trips or snowboarding weekends. "I think that the students meant well," says Vicky, who was 11 at the time and has only vague memories of what happened. But the crackdown that ended the demonstrations "certainly was needed."
     
    Vicky embodies the shift in the priorities of young Chinese. She's a purposeful 29-year-old who rarely smiles but loves nothing better than a party. She and her friends meet so regularly for dinner and at bars that she says she never eats at home anymore. As the pictures on her blog attest, they also throw regular theme parties to mark holidays like Halloween and Christmas and last year vacationed in Egypt. Encouraged by her new boyfriend Da Ning, a keen snowboarder, she has decided to take up the sport as well. On a recent afternoon, she visits a mall in south Beijing that specializes in pricey imported skiing gear. When asked about the wisdom of spending a small fortune on equipment for a sport she may never take to, she says, "I believe you have to be fully prepared and equipped before you decide to start a new hobby."
     
    She chooses a gleaming new snowboard made by the Colorado company Never Summer, emblazoned with colorful, psychedelic paintings of butterflies. Along with gloves, goggles and other paraphernalia, the new gear will set her back about $700. She barely notices. "It's so beautiful," she says. "Even if I don't like skiing, think how nice it will look in the hallway of my apartment. Guests won't know that I don't use it." She smiles to signal she's joking. Later, over coffee at Starbucks, she explains her lack of interest in politics. "It's because our life is pretty good. I care about my rights when it comes to the quality of a waitress in a restaurant or a product I buy. But when it comes to democracy and all that, well ..." She shrugs expressively and takes a sip of her latte. "That doesn't play a role in my life."
     
    People like Vicky and her friends represent the leading edge, the trailblazers for a huge mass of young, eagerly aspirant consumers. All over China, twentysomethings like these banter about blogging, travel and work-life balance. ("Work hard, play harder," says Vicky several times, repeating it in case she isn't heard.) If they can't afford to blow $700 on skiing gear, they want to be able to soon.
     
    And so for China's communist leaders, placating the Me generation is seen as critical to ensuring the party's survival. By 2015 the number of Chinese under 30 is expected to swell 61%, to 500 million, equivalent to the entire population of the European Union. From issues of grave consequence to trivialities, the government has made clear that it will do whatever it takes to keep the swelling middle class happy. In Beijing, for example, newly prosperous residents are snapping up automobiles at a rate of nearly 1,000 a day. The number of vehicles on the capital's sclerotic roads has doubled in the past five years, to almost 3 million. (By comparison, there are about 2 million vehicles registered in New York City.) But despite a grim pollution problem (Beijing's air quality is among the world's worst) that could embarrass China during next summer's Olympic Games, the central government has made only token efforts to curb vehicle purchases. And that, in turn, has made it harder for governments in the developed world to make progress in getting Beijing to do more to fight climate change.
     
    That's just one example of the long-term impact of the government's focus on the Me generation. In an article published in the official mouthpiece, People's Daily, in February, Prime Minister Wen Jiabao stressed that economic growth should take precedence over democratic reforms for the foreseeable future, a period that he appeared to indicate could stretch to 100 years. And yet for all its machinery of control, the party is vulnerable. Senior cadres from Wen on down have acknowledged in public that growing unrest in the provinces, as farmers clash with police over expropriated land or official corruption, could threaten the party's grip on power.
     
    As a result, China's rulers face a dilemma: the very policies that cater to the urban middle class come at the expense of the rural poor. So far, the government is erring on the side of the rich. In mid-October, President Hu Jintao reiterated pledges to address problems plaguing the country's peasants, such as access to medical treatment and schooling, health insurance and the disparity between urban and rural incomes. Yet a relatively small portion of government spending is set aside to address the concerns of the peasantry, with the bulk of spending still concentrated on stoking the booming economy.
     
    Even more telling was the passage of what was widely viewed as one of the most important pieces of legislation to be put forward in several decades of reform: the revised law on property ownership. Pushed through despite objections from old-line conservatives, the law for the first time gave equal weight to both state- and private-ownership rights. But a look at the fine print shows that the law protects only things dear to the rising middle class: real estate, cars, stock-market assets. Farmers, on the other hand, will still be unable to purchase their land and instead will be forced to lease plots from the government.
     
    If left unchanged, such policies could exacerbate China's rich-poor divide and create conditions for tumultuous social upheaval. The test for China--as the Me generation grows bigger, richer and more powerful--will be whether it begins to push for the social and political reforms that are necessary to ensure the country's long-term prosperity and stability. How likely is that? Though they're not exactly clamoring for free elections, members of the new middle class have shown a willingness to stand up to authority when their interests are threatened. Last October police in Beijing attempted to enforce rules limiting each household to a single registered animal no taller than 14 in. (35 cm). The drive sparked a rare public demonstration by hundreds of well-heeled Chinese, mostly young dog owners. Within a month, Chinese newspapers reported that President Hu had intervened, ordering the Beijing authorities to back off. It was the first time most Beijingers could remember a public protest drawing a direct intervention by China's top leader.
     
    It was hardly Tiananmen, but a small triumph for free expression nonetheless. And if the West hopes to see China become democratic as well as prosperous, it will have to find ways to encourage modest breakthroughs like these rather than expect sweeping change. At the Gang Ji Restaurant, where the dishes have been cleared and fresh fruit and more tea brought in, the mood is reflective. "We are lucky compared with our parents," says Maria, who works as a membership manager in one of the capital's most exclusive clubs. "My parents had nothing themselves. They lived for me." Da Ning, the snowboarder, who runs his own successful advertising company, agrees: "We are more self-centered. We live for ourselves, and that's good. We need to have the strength to contribute to the economy. That's our power. The power to contribute. That's how our generation is going to help the country." China's future will be defined by whether that generation realizes that democracy can help China too.

     
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